Ramp Slope Example 1: a ramp with a slope of 1:12 Simply write the total rise divided by the total run to express the slope as a percent (1 inch of rise / 12 inches of run = 8.3% slope), or write the slope as a ratio such as 1:12, also expressed as "one in twelve". Measure the ramp's total horizontal distance from one end of the ramp to the other - say from the point at which the ramp reaches a level building entry platform or entry door to the opposite end of the ramp. Measure the height (the vertical distance) from the horizontal line to the ground surface at the end of the ramp or its landing platform. (use a string, level, and stake if it helps) outwards from the uppermost end of the ramp - say the building entry platform - and the end of the ramp.
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How to measure the slope of an access ramp In either case, the ramp slope rules and standards are the same and the trip/fall hazards are essentially the same. Incidentally, depending on terrain, a ramp may slope upwards towards a building entry/exit door, or it may slope downwards towards the entry door. IBC 1010.2, and is elaborated in an excellent book that we recommend on stairs and ramps, Slips, Trips, Missteps and Their Consequences, by Bakken et als, found inReferences or Citations at the end of this article.Īccessible route of egress (say a ramp giving access between the street and an elevated sidewalk), the slope of the ramp may beĪ little steeper (1:8 rather than 1:12, or 7.1 degrees, or 12.5 percent) in the direction of travel. This standard is reflected in at least four building standards: If a building access ramp (also called an egress ramp) is located within an accessible route of travel and is used as a means of egress (exiting from a building), the ramp slope should be 1:12 (4.8 degrees, 8.3 percent) or less in the direction of travel. It will come as no surprise that the effective slope of a fixed stairway is considerably steeper than that allowed for access ramps. Our illustrations above and below describe the recommended slope range for building access ramps, fixed stairs, and other structures. The desirable ramp slope standard, one inch of rise in 12 inches of run (about 8.3 percent slope), has been adopted by most building codes regardless of whether or not the access ramp is specifically for people with disabilities.
These hazards are particularly increased if the ramp pitch is too steep. The combination of a sloped surface with conditions that can make that walking surface slippery, especially at outdoor building access ramps, forms a falling hazard at both ramp ascent, and ramp descent for nearly everyone. See the standards, code, and ADAReferences or Citations at the end of this document. Readers should note that the design specifications for permitted slope and other specifications for ramps that are not used for building entry or exit, such as curb cuts, are different from those used at building entrances.įor example a steeper slope may be permitted on non-access ramps.įor complete details about building access ramp construction: slope, width, railings, non-slip surfaces, steps, landings at ramps, etc.
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This article series on access ramp design & construction explains and illustrates the requirements for safe, usable interior and exterior access ramps in buildings. Ramps must be a minimum of 36 inches wide per the US ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act),Ī ramp is a sloping route constructed with a slope greater than 1:20 (one inch of vertical rise for every 20 inches of horizontal length, or run) and must conform to the standard ADA specifications for ramps. Other Ramps Maximum Slope = 1:8 slope = 1.5:12 slope = 12.5% slope = 7.13° slope Maximum Egress Ramp Slope = 1:12 slope = 8.33% slope = a 4.76° degree slope ADA, the maximum (steepest) ramp slope allowed is either: To build a ramp that is compliant with the U.S. While you will see ramps at steeper slopes including the range of 0° to 18° of slope in the illustration shown here and ramps with slopes as steep as 20° in older texts, The preferred slope for a building access ramp is 1:12 or 1 inch of rise per 12 inches of horizontal run - that's roughly an 8% slope also written as a 4.8 degree angle slope. Building Access Ramp Slope or Pitch Requirements We also provide an ARTICLE INDEX for this topic, or you can try the page top or bottom SEARCH BOX as a quick way to find information you need.
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We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.īuilding access ramp slope, pitch or angle specifications & codes: this document provides building code specifications, sketches, photographs, and examples of defects used in inspecting indoor or outdoor building access ramps. InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest.
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